CISCONET Training Solutions

Basic Navigation & Listing

Command	Description	Example
clear	Clear the terminal screen	clear
ls -l	List files and directories of current folder in detail long format	ls -l
ls -a	List all files and directories including hidden in current folder	ls -a
ls -Ra	List all files, directories and subdirectories, including hidden	ls -R
ls -d */	List directories only in current folder	ls -d */
tree -d	Display all directories and subdirectories in tree format	tree -d
cd	Change directory	cd /etc/hosts
cd ..	Move up one directory	cd ..
cd /	Go to root directory	cd /
cd	Go to home directory	cd (or cd ~)
cd ~/dir	Go to a subdirectory of home directory	cd ~/automation
cd –	Go to previous directory	cd -
mkdir	Create a directory	mkdir scripts
rmdir	Remove single empty directory	rmdir reports
rm -r	Remove directory and subdirectories	rm -r config
rm -f *	Force remove all files in current folder with no prompts	rm -f *
mv	Move files or directories	mv file1.txt ~/automation
mv	Rename files or directories	mv file1.txt file2.txt
pwd	Print working directory	pwd
cp	Copy file to a subdirectory of home directory	cp file1.txt ~/documents
cp -r	Copy directory and all subdirectories to destination	cp -r dir1 dir2

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Text Editors & Viewing

Command	Description	Example
nano	Open or create file in nano editor	nano file.txt
sudo nano	Edit a system configuration file in nano editor	sudo nano custom.yaml
cat	Display file contents	cat file.txt

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Networking

Command	Description	Example
ip a	Show IP addressing	ip a
ip route show	Show routing table	ip route show
sudo ip route add	Add a static route	sudo ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev ens33
sudo ip route del	Delete a static route	sudo ip route del 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev ens33
sudo ip route add default	Add a default route	sudo ip route add default via 172.16.1.1 dev ens33
sudo ip route del default	Delete a default route	sudo ip route del default via 172.16.1.1 dev ens33
sudo ip addr add	Add IP address	sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev ens33
sudo ip addr del	Delete IP address	sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.1/24 dev ens33
sudo netplan	Update and activate network configuration	netplan apply netplan generate
ip link show	Show interface status and MAC address	ip link show ens33
ip neighbor show	Show ARP table	ip neighbor show
ip -6 neighbor show	Show IPv6 neighbors	ip -6 neighbor show
ethtool -S	Show interface stats	ethtool -S ens33
ip link set dev <int> mtu <value>	Set interface MTU	sudo ip link set dev ens33 mtu 1400
curl ipinfo.io/ip	Show NAT public IP (CLI)	curl ipinfo.io/ip
ipinfo.io/ip	Show NAT public IP (browser)	ipinfo.io/ip
ping	Test network connectivity + DNS	ping google.com
sudo mtr	Monitor network connection continuously	sudo mtr 8.8.8.8
sudo traceroute	Show network forwarding path (route)	sudo traceroute 8.8.8.8
tracepath	Traceroute alternate using UDP packets	tracepath 8.8.8.8
dig	detailed DNS lookup	dig udemy.com
nslookup	basic DNS lookup	nslookup udemy.com
sudo ss -tulnp	Show application listening sockets	sudo ss -tulnp
telnet	Test TCP open port connection	telnet 192.168.1.1 22
ssh	Connect via SSH	ssh shaun@192.168.2.1
sudo tcpdump	Capture network packets	sudo tcpdump -i ens33
curl -I url	Get HTTP headers for analysis	curl -I https://example.com
wget	Download file	wget https://example.com/file

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Package Management & Git

Command	Description	Example
sudo apt update	Update package index	sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade	Upgrade packages	sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install	Install package/s	sudo apt install -y nmap traceroute
ansible –version	Show Ansible version	ansible --version
python3 -m pip install	Install a Python package	python3 -m pip install netmiko
pip show	Show Python package info	pip show napalm
dpkg -l	List installed packages	dpkg -l
git	Version control tool	git status

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System & Process Monitoring

Command	Description	Example
top	Show running processes and resource usage	top
htop	Interactive user-friendly graphical version of top	htop
df -h	Show disk space usage (human-readable)	df -h
free -m	Show memory usage in MB	free -m
ps	Show current processes running	ps
env	Show environment variables	env
which	Locate an executable	which python3
history	Show commands types at bash terminal	history
uptime	Show system uptime	uptime
uname -a	Show system info	uname -a
hostname	Show hostname	hostname
date	Show date	date
sudo timedatectl	Show or set time/timezone and verify NTP status	sudo timedatectl
whoami	Show current logged-in user	whoami
exit	Exit shell	exit
sudo reboot	Reboot system	sudo reboot
sudo shutdown	Shutdown system	sudo shutdown now

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User & Permissions

Command	Description	Example
sudo adduser	Create user with home directory and password	sudo adduser user2
sudo useradd	Create username only	sudo useradd user2
sudo userdel -r	Delete user and home directory	sudo userdel -r user1
sudo groupadd	Add new group	sudo groupadd automation
sudo groupdel	Delete group	sudo groupdel devops
sudo usermod -a -G group user	Add user to group	sudo usermod -a -G devops user1
sudo passwd	Change password for a username	sudo passwd user1
sudo chmod	Change permissions on directory and subdirectories	sudo chmod -R 777 file.sh
sudo chmod +x file.sh	Add execute permission to a file	sudo chmod +x file.sh
sudo chown -v	Change file ownership	sudo chown -v user:group file.sh
su – ‘user’	Switch user account	su - shaun
su –	Switch to root account	su -

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Disk & Storage

Command	Description	Example
lsblk	List block devices (HDD, USB etc)	lsblk
sudo mount	Mount filesystem	sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
du -sh	Show disk usage of a directory	du -sh /home/user
tar	Archive files	tar -cvf folder.tar folder_to_tar
venv	Create Python virtual environment	python3 -m venv myenv

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Firewall & Networking Tools

Command	Description	Example
sudo ufw status verbose	Show firewall status	sudo ufw status verbose
sudo ufw allow	Allow inbound protocol traffic through host firewall	sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
sudo nft list ruleset	List nftables rules	sudo nft list ruleset
sudo iptables -L -n	List iptables rules (legacy)	sudo iptables -L -n
sudo cdpcli show	Show CDP neighbor information	sudo cdpcli show neighbors
sudo lldpctl	Show LLDP neighbor information	sudo lldpctl

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Text Processing

Command	Description	Example
grep	Search text	grep "error" logfile.txt
awk	Process text	awk '{print $1}' file.txt
sed	Stream editor	sed 's/dir/dir/' file.txt
tail -f -n	Show bottom lines of log file (e.g., 10) and monitor real-time	tail -f -n 10 logfile.txt

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Other

Command	Description	Example
man	Show manual page for a command	man ls